Description：

A surge tank is a storage reservoir in large pipelines that relieves surge pressure caused by fluid flow changes. It quickly responds to pressure surges, stores excess liquid, and prevents vapor column separation. Its main purpose is to reduce surge pressure by minimizing the distance between the free water surface and the turbine.

Key Features:

1.Pressure Fluctuation Reduction: A surge tank minimizes the amplitude of pressure fluctuations by effectively reflecting incoming pressure waves.

2.Enhanced Regulating Characteristics: By reducing the water starting time in a hydropower scheme, a surge tank improves the regulating performance of hydraulic turbines.

3.Pressure Wave Dampening: The surge tank stores or supplies water, allowing for gradual acceleration or deceleration of water flow in the pipeline, resulting in a reduction of pressure wave amplitudes within the system.

4.Stable Turbine Speed: It maintains a constant turbine speed by regulating the flow of water to the turbine.

5.Relief Valve Function: In instances where turbine load decreases and pipe pressure rapidly increases, a surge tank acts as a relief valve by diverting a portion of the main conduit flow into the tank.